I. INTRODUCTION, METHODOLOGY & PRODUCT DEFINITIONS
Study Reliability and Reporting Limitations I-1
Disclaimers I-2
Data Interpretation & Reporting Level I-3
Quantitative Techniques & Analytics I-3
Product Definitions and Scope of Study I-3
Hearing Aids I-4
Automotives I-4
Others I-4
II. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1. INDUSTRY OVERVIEW II-1
A Prelude II-1
Impact of Recession in Retrospect II-2
Recession Expands Market for Rechargeable Batteries II-2
Outlook II-3
Zinc – A Primary Raw-Material for Zinc-Air Batteries II-3
Table 1: Global Zinc Market (2010): Percentage Breakdown of
End-User Demand by Category – Construction, Transport,
Consumer & Electrical Goods, and General Engineering
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-3
Table 2: Global Zinc Market (2009): Percentage Breakdown of
First-User Demand by Category – Zinc Coated Steels, Brass,
Zinc Base Alloys, Compounds, Semi-Manufactures, and Others
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-4
Hearing Aids – An Important End-User Market for Zinc-Air
Batteries II-4
Technological Innovations in Hearing Aid Devices and
Batteries Linked Together II-4
Technological Advances in Hearing Aids Market Result in
Compact Battery Size II-4
2. TRENDS AND ISSUES IN ZINC-AIR BATTERIES MARKET II-5
Continuous R&D to Broaden Electronic Devices Application Market II-5
Battery Chemistries Assume Greater Importance in Battery
Buying Decision II-5
Need for High Energy-Density and Lightweight Battery Solutions
for Military Applications II-5
Rechargeable Batteries Face Application Challenges in Hearing
Aids II-5
3. GLOBAL BATTERY MARKET II-7
Batteries – Introduction II-7
Market Review II-7
Table 3: Global Batteries Market (2010): Percentage Breakdown
of Revenues by Battery Type – Lithium Ion, SLI, Alkaline,
Stationary Lead Acid, Carbon Zinc, Motive Lead Acid, Nickel
Metal Hydride, Primary Lithium, Nickel Cadmium, Zinc-Air,
and Thermal (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-8
Overview of Technological Progress in Batteries II-8
Trends in Batteries Market II-9
Counterfeit Batteries Pose Significant Challenges for
Manufacturers II-9
Development in Electronics Drive Demand for Batteries with
Extended Life II-9
Expanding Applications in Medical Industry Widen Market
Opportunities II-9
Automotives to Drive Lead-Acid Battery Demand II-9
Types of Batteries II-10
Classification Based on Recharging Ability II-10
Primary Batteries II-10
Secondary Batteries II-10
Classification Based on Type of Raw Material Used II-10
Zinc-Air Batteries II-10
3D Micro Batteries II-10
Benefits of Zinc-Air Battery II-11
Nickel Cadmium (NiCD) Batteries II-11
Nickel Metal Hydride (NiMH) Batteries II-11
Lithium-ion Batteries II-11
Primary Lithium Batteries II-12
Sealed Lead Acid (SLA) Batteries II-12
Silver Zinc Batteries II-12
Environmental Concerns of Batteries II-12
Lead Mining II-12
Health Effects II-12
On Workers II-12
On Consumers II-13
Emerging Battery Chemistries II-13
Lithium-Air Batteries II-13
Lithium-Sulphur Batteries II-13
Silver Oxide Batteries II-14
Sodium Sulphur Batteries II-14
4. ZINC-AIR BATTERIES: PRODUCT OVERVIEW II-15
Historical Background II-15
Zinc II-15
Zinc-Air Batteries II-15
Characteristics II-16
Focus on Select End-Use Application Areas II-16
Suitability of Zinc-Air Batteries for Hearing Aids II-16
Zinc-Air Batteries – A Perfect Way to Power Electric Vehicles II-16
Other Applications II-17
Advantages of Zinc-Air Batteries II-17
Table 4: Energy Density (in Wh/L) by Battery Type – Carbon
Zinc, Alkaline, Lithium, Li Ion, Lithium Ion Polymer, Lithium
MnO2, NiMH, and Zinc Air (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-17
Table 5: Specific Energy (in Wh/Kg) by Battery Type – Carbon
Zinc, Alkaline, Lithium, Li Ion, Lithium Ion Polymer, Lithium
MnO2, NiMH, and Zinc Air (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-18
Storage and Operating Life II-18
Electrical Discharge Properties II-18
Primary Cells II-19
Secondary Rechargeable Batteries II-19
Mechanically Recharged Cells II-19
Zinc Air Fuel Cells II-19
Safety and Environment II-20
Shortcomings of Zinc-Air Batteries II-20
Other Key Challenges II-20
Environmental Issues II-20
Issues in Hearing Aids Market II-21
Rust and Corrosion II-21
5. TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS / DEVELOPMENTS II-22
ReVolt Develops Rechargeable Zinc-air Batteries with Extended
Life II-22
SINTEF Group and Revolt Develop New Rechargeable Zinc-Air Battery II-22
Advanced Power and Energy Sources Transportation Unveils Zinc
-Air Battery II-22
Energizer Launches Zinc-Air Prismatic Batteries II-23
Energizer to Launch Enhanced OEM Version of Zinc Air Prismatic
Battery II-23
6. RECENT INDUSTRY ACTIVITY II-24
Zinc Air Receives License for Use of Zinc Air Fuel Cells in
Electric Vehicles II-24
Zinc Air to Launch Grid Storage Batteries II-24
Leo Motors Launches Zinc Air Fuel Cell Equipped Electric Trucks II-24
Zinc Air Acquires License from LLNL to Manufacture Zinc-Air
Fuel Cell II-24
AVIC to Invest in Research & Development II-25
RWE Innogy Acquires Minor Stake in Revolt Technology II-25
eVionyx and Power Air Ink Memorandum of Understanding II-25
7. FOCUS ON SELECT GLOBAL PLAYERS II-26
Duracell International, Inc. (USA) II-26
Electric Fuel Battery Corporation (USA) II-26
Energizer Holdings, Inc. (USA) II-26
eVionyx, Inc (USA) II-27
GP Batteries International Limited (Singapore) II-27
iCellTech Corporation (Korea) II-27
VARTA Microbattery GmbH (Germany) II-28
Powerzinc Electric, Inc. (USA) II-28
Philips UK (UK) II-28
Renata SA (Switzerland) II-28
Toshiba Battery Co. Ltd. (Japan) II-29
Spectrum Brands, Inc. (USA) II-29
Rayovac (USA) II-29
VARTA Consumer Batteries GmbH & Co. KGaA (Germany) II-30
Sony Electronics Asia Pacific Pte. Ltd. (Singapore) II-30
ZeniPower (Zhuhai Zhi Li) Battery Co., Ltd (China) II-30
8. GLOBAL MARKET PERSPECTIVE II-31
Table 6: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for
Zinc-Air Batteries by Geographic Region – US, Canada, Japan,
Europe, Asia-Pacific, and Rest of World Markets Independently
Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in US$ Million for Years
2009 through 2017 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-31
Table 7: World Historic Review for Zinc-Air Batteries by
Geographic Region – US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific,
and Rest of World Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual
Sales Figures in US$ Million for Years 2003 through 2008
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-32
Table 8: World 15-Year Perspective for Zinc-Air Batteries by
Geographic Region – Percentage Breakdown of Dollar Sales for
US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and Rest of World
Markets for Years 2003, 2011 & 2017 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) II-33
Table 9: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for
Zinc-Air Batteries In Hearing Aids by Geographic Region – US,
Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and Rest of World Markets
Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales in US$ Million for
Years 2009 through 2017 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-34
Table 10: World Historic Review for Zinc-Air Batteries in
Hearing Aids by Geographic Region – US, Canada, Japan, Europe,
Asia-Pacific, and Rest of World Markets Independently Analyzed
with Annual Sales Figures in US$ Million for Years 2003
through 2008 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-35
Table 11: World 15-Year Perspective for Zinc-Air Batteries In
Hearing Aids by Geographic Region – Percentage Breakdown of
Dollar Sales for US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and
Rest of World Markets for Years 2003, 2011 & 2017 (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) II-36
Table 12: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for
Zinc-Air Batteries In Automotive by Geographic Region – US,
Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and Rest of World Markets
Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in US$
Million for Years 2009 through 2017 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) II-37
Table 13: World Historic Review for Zinc-Air Batteries in
Automotive by Geographic Region – US, Canada, Japan, Europe,
Asia-Pacific, and Rest of World Markets Independently Analyzed
with Annual Sales Figures in US$ Million for Years 2003
through 2008 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-38
Table 14: World 15-Year Perspective for Zinc-Air Batteries in
Automotive by Geographic Region – Percentage Breakdown of
Dollar Sales for US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and
Rest of World Markets for Years 2003, 2011 & 2017 (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) II-39
Table 15: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for
Zinc-Air Batteries in Other Applications by Geographic Region –
US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and Rest of World
Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in
US$ Million for Years 2009 through 2017 (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) II-40
Table 16: World Historic Review for Zinc-Air Batteries in
Other Applications by Geographic Region – US, Canada, Japan,
Europe, Asia-Pacific, and Rest of World Markets Independently
Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in US$ Million for Years
2003 through 2008 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-41
Table 17: World 15-Year Perspective for Zinc-Air Batteries in
Other Applications by Geographic Region – Percentage Breakdown
of Dollar Sales for US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific,
and Rest of World Markets for Years 2003, 2011 & 2017
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-42
III. MARKET
1. THE UNITED STATES III-1
A.Market Analysis III-1
Battery Market Overview III-1
Table 18: US Batteries Market (2012): Percentage Breakdown
of Demand by Battery Type – Lead-Acid, Alkaline,
Rechargeable Lithium, Other Primary, and Other Secondary
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-1
Higher Demand for Electronic Devices to Uphold Strong
Growth for Batteries III-1
Primary Batteries Demand to Prosper Due to High-Performance
Chemistries III-1
Table 19: US Primary Batteries Market (2007 & 2012):
Revenues (in US$ billion) by Battery Type – Alkaline and
Others III-2
Abundance of Zinc Production Conducive for Zinc-Air
Batteries Powered Electric Vehicles III-2
Overview of International Trade III-2
Table 20: US Zinc-Air Battery Exports (2008 & 2009):
Percentage Breakdown by Destination Country – Canada, UK,
Belgium, Japan, Malaysia and Others (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) III-3
Table 21: US Zinc-Air Battery Imports (2008 & 2009):
Percentage Breakdown by Country of Origin – Germany, UK
and Others (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-3
B.Market Analytics III-4
Table 22: US Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for
Zinc-Air Batteries by End-Use Segment – Hearing Aids,
Automotive and Others Independently Analyzed with Annual
Sales Figures in US$ Million for Years 2009 through 2017
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-4
Table 23: US Historic Review for Zinc-Air Batteries by
End-Use Segment – Hearing Aids, Automotive and Others
Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in US$
Million for Years 2003 through 2008 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) III-5
Table 24: US 15-Year Perspective for Zinc-Air Batteries by
End-Use Segment – Percentage Share of Dollar Sales for
Hearing Aids, Automotive and Others for Years 2003, 2011 &
2017 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-6
2. CANADA III-7
A.Market Analysis III-7
Demand for Primary and Secondary Batteries in Canada III-7
B.Market Analytics III-8
Table 25: Canadian Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis
for Zinc-Air Batteries by End-Use Segment – Hearing Aids,
Automotive and Others Independently Analyzed with Annual
Sales Figures in US$ Million for Years 2009 through 2017
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-8
Table 26: Canadian Historic Review for Zinc-Air Batteries by
End-Use Segment – Hearing Aids, Automotive and Others
Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in US$
Million for Years 2003 through 2008 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) III-9
Table 27: Canadian 15-Year Perspective for Zinc-Air
Batteries by End-Use Segment – Percentage Share of Dollar
Sales for Hearing Aids, Automotive and Others for Years
2003, 2011 & 2017 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-10
3. JAPAN III-11
A.Market Analysis III-11
Overview of International Trade III-11
B.Market Analytics III-11
Table 28: Japanese Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis
for Zinc-Air Batteries by End-Use Segment – Hearing Aids,
Automotive and Others Independently Analyzed with Annual
Sales Figures in US$ Million for Years 2009 through 2017
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-11
Table 29: Japanese Historic Review for Zinc-Air Batteries by
End-Use Segment – Hearing Aids, Automotive and Others
Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in US$
Million for Years 2003 through 2008 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) III-12
Table 30: Japanese 15-Year Perspective for Zinc-Air
Batteries by End-Use Segment – Percentage Share of Dollar
Sales for Hearing Aids, Automotive and Others for Years
2003, 2011 & 2017 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-13
4. EUROPE III-14
Market Analytics III-14
Table 31: European Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis
for Zinc-Air Batteries by Geographic Region – France,
Germany, Italy, UK and Rest of Europe Markets Independently
Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in US$ Million for Years
2009 through 2017 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-14
Table 32: European Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis
for Zinc-Air Batteries by End-Use Segment – Hearing Aids,
Automotive and Others Independently Analyzed with Annual
Sales Figures in US$ Million for Years 2009 through
2017(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-15
Table 33: European Historic Review for Zinc-Air Batteries by
Geographic Region – France, Germany, Italy, UK and Rest of
Europe Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales
Figures in US$ Million for Years 2003 through 2008
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-16
Table 34: European Historic Review for Zinc-Air Batteries by
End-Use Segment – Hearing Aids, Automotive and Others
Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in US$
Million for Years 2003 through 2008 (includes corresponding
Graph/Chart) III-17
Table 35: European 15-Year Perspective for Zinc-Air
Batteries by Geographic Region – Percentage Breakdown of
Dollar Sales for France, Germany, Italy, UK and Rest of
Europe Markets for Years 2003, 2011 & 2017 (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) III-18
Table 36: European 15-Year Perspective for Zinc-Air
Batteries by End-Use Segment – Percentage Share of Dollar
Sales for Hearing Aids, Automotive and Others for Years
2003, 2011 & 2017 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-19
4A. FRANCE III-20
Market Analytics III-20
Table 37: French Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for
Zinc-Air Batteries by End-Use Segment – Hearing Aids,
Automotive and Others Independently Analyzed with Annual
Sales Figures in US$ Thousand for Years 2009 through 2017
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-20
Table 38: French Historic Review for Zinc-Air Batteries by
End-Use Segment – Hearing Aids, Automotive and Others
Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in US$
Thousand for Years 2003 through 2008 (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) III-21
Table 39: French 15-Year Perspective for Zinc-Air Batteries
by End-Use Segment – Percentage Share of Dollar Sales for
Hearing Aids, Automotive and Others for Years 2003, 2011 &
2017 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-22
4b. GERMANY III-23
Market Analytics III-23
Table 40: German Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for
Zinc-Air Batteries by End-Use Segment – Hearing Aids,
Automotive and Others Independently Analyzed with Annual
Sales Figures in US$ Thousand for Years 2009 through 2017
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-23
Table 41: German Historic Review for Zinc-Air Batteries by
End-Use Segment – Hearing Aids, Automotive and Others
Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in US$
Thousand for Years 2003 through 2008 (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) III-24
Table 42: German 15-Year Perspective for Zinc-Air Batteries
by End-Use Segment – Percentage Share of Dollar Sales for
Hearing Aids, Automotive and Others for Years 2003, 2011 &
2017 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-25
4c. ITALY III-26
Market Analytics III-26
Table 43: Italian Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for
Zinc-Air Batteries by End-Use Segment – Hearing Aids,
Automotive and Others Independently Analyzed with Annual
Sales Figures in US$ Thousand for Years 2009 through 2017
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-26
Table 44: Italian Historic Review for Zinc-Air Batteries by
End-Use Segment – Hearing Aids, Automotive and Others
Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in US$
Thousand for Years 2003 through 2008 (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) III-27
Table 45: Italian 15-Year Perspective for Zinc-Air Batteries
by End-Use Segment – Percentage Share of Dollar Sales for
Hearing Aids, Automotive and Others for Years 2003, 2011 &
2017 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-28
4d. THE UNITED KINGDOM III-29
Market Analytics III-29
Table 46: UK Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for
Zinc-Air Batteries by End-Use Segment – Hearing Aids,
Automotive and Others Independently Analyzed with Annual
Sales Figures in US$ Thousand for Years 2009 through 2017
(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-29
Table 47: UK Historic Review for Zinc-Air Batteries by
End-Use Segment – Hearing Aids, Automotive and Others
Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in US$
Thousand for Years 2003 through 2008 (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) III-30
Table 48: UK 15-Year Perspective for Zinc-Air Batteries by
End-Use Segment – Percentage Share of Dollar Sales for
Hearing Aids, Automotive and Others for Years 2003, 2011 &
2017 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-31
4e. REST OF EUROPE III-32
Market Analytics III-32
Table 49: Rest of Europe Recent Past, Current & Future
Analysis for Zinc-Air Batteries by End-Use Segment – Hearing
Aids, Automotive and Others Independently Analyzed with
Annual Sales Figures in US$ Thousand for Years 2009 through
2017 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-32
Table 50: Rest of Europe Historic Review for Zinc-Air
Batteries by End-Use Segment – Hearing Aids, Automotive and
Others Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in
US$ Thousand for Years 2003 through 2008 (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) III-33
Table 51: Rest of Europe 15-Year Perspective for Zinc-Air
Batteries by End-Use Segment – Percentage Share of Dollar
Sales for Hearing Aids, Automotive and Others for Years
2003, 2011 & 2017 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-34
5. ASIA-PACIFIC III-35
A.Market Analysis III-35
China III-35
Proliferation in Electric Bicycles Market to Bolster
Chinese Battery Industry III-35
B.Market Analytics III-36
Table 52: Asia-Pacific Recent Past, Current & Future
Analysis for Zinc-Air Batteries by End-Use Segment – Hearing
Aids, Automotive and Others Independently Analyzed with
Annual Sales Figures in US$ Million for Years 2009 through
2017 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-36
Table 53: Asia-Pacific Historic Review for Zinc-Air
Batteries by End-Use Segment – Hearing Aids, Automotive and
Others Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in
US$ Million for Years 2003 through 2008 (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) III-37
Table 54: Asia-Pacific 15-Year Perspective for Zinc-Air
Batteries by End-Use Segment – Percentage Share of Dollar
Sales for Hearing Aids, Automotive and Others for Years
2003, 2011 & 2017 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-38
6. REST OF WORLD III-39
Market Analytics III-39
Table 55: Rest of World Recent Past, Current & Future
Analysis for Zinc-Air Batteries by End-Use Segment –
Hearing Aids, Automotive and Others Independently Analyzed
with Annual Sales Figures in US$ Million for Years 2009
through 2017 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-39
Table 56: Rest of World Historic Review for Zinc-Air
Batteries by End-Use Segment – Hearing Aids, Automotive and
Others Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in
US$ Million for Years 2003 through 2008 (includes
corresponding Graph/Chart) III-40
Table 57: Rest of World 15-Year Perspective for Zinc-Air
Batteries by End-Use Segment – Percentage Share of Dollar
Sales for Hearing Aids, Automotive and Others for Years
2003, 2011 & 2017 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-41
IV. COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE
Total Companies Profiled: 32 (including Divisions/Subsidiaries – 40)
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