Concentrated Solar Power

Concentrated solar power (CSP) has been a ‘start-stop’ industry since the 1500s, when Leonardo da Vinci conceived the use of a parabolic mirror concentrator to heat water for dyeing cloths. It is plausible that da Vinci failed to design a concentrating solar thermal power system that was cost competitive with the primary fossil fuel of his time, chopped wood. More than 490 years after da Vinci’s death, nine CSP systems, SEGS I-IX from Luz Industries, came online during the late 1980s. Like da Vinci, Luz was unable to compete with a modern equivalent of chopped wood, natural gas.

A CSP revival was jump-started in 2004 as policy announcements at that time inspired investors and engineers to start developing again. The movement gained steam when PV prices peaked in 2008 resulting in a 300% gain in global CSP operational capacity from 2008-2011. CSP growth came to a rapid stop in 2011 when PV module price decreases, combined with the PV’s proven bankability, drove several of high profile U.S. projects to convert from CSP to PV.

This Pike Research report provides an in depth analysis of technology issues and policy trends driving concentrated solar power adoption in the United States, Europe, the Middle East, North Africa, India, and China. The study analyzes the perceived threat from solar photovoltaics and assesses the key challenges and opportunities presented by regional policies, capital environments, utility scale demand, and solar resources well suited for CSP. Market forecasts extend through 2020 and include projections for installed capacity and revenue by region.

Key Questions Addressed:

-Which countries will drive CSP technology development and adoption, and why?

-How will regional renewable energy policies, feed-in tariffs, government-backed loan guarantees, and research grants drive CSP forward?

-How do policy and capital environments compare across China, India, MENA, Europe, and the United States?

-How have PV performance and price drops affected CSP projects?

-What are the underlying reasons for the recent conversion of 2.2 GW of U.S. based CSP capacity?

-What are the key factors that will drive current CSP market decline and recovery in 2016?

Who needs this report?

-Concentrated solar power technology companies

-Project developers

-Utilities

-Industry associations

-Government agencies

-Investor community

Table of Contents

1. Executive Summary

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Industry Growth

2. Technology and Applications

2.1 Technology Overview

2.2 Anatomy of Main System Configurations

2.2.1 Power Tower

2.2.2 Parabolic Trough

2.2.3 Dish

2.2.4 Linear Fresnel Lens

2.3 CSP Applications

2.3.1 Standalone Power Generation

2.3.2 Hybridization with Fossil Fuels: Integrated Solar Combined Cycle (ISCC)

2.3.3 Energy Storage

2.3.4 Process Heat

2.4 Natural Resource: Solar Direct Normal Irradiance (DNI)

2.5 Competition from Photovoltaics

2.6 Water Usage and the Challenge from PV

3. Market Issues

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Commercial History

3.3 Market Drivers

3.3.1 Climate Change and Greenhouse Gas Reduction

3.3.2 Energy Security

3.3.3 Energy Supply Diversification

3.3.4 Renewable Portfolio Standards (United States)

3.3.5 Policies and Incentives

3.3.5.1 Feed-In Tariffs

3.3.5.2 Government-Backed Loan Guarantees

3.3.5.3 Tax Breaks, Subsidies, and Incentives

3.3.5.4 Worldwide Incentives

3.3.6 Policy Trends: United States, Europe, MENA, India, China, and Australia

3.3.6.1 United States

3.3.6.2 European Union: Spain and Italy

3.3.6.3 Middle East and North Africa

3.3.6.4 India

3.3.6.5 China

3.3.6.6 Australia

3.3.7 R&D Grants and Subsidies

3.3.8 Private Sector Investments

3.4 Market Barriers

3.4.1 Permitting

3.4.2 Financing

3.4.3 Transmission

4. Key Markets

4.1 United States

4.1.1 U.S. Market Disparity

4.1.2 U.S. Market Drivers and Opportunities

4.2 European Union

4.3 Middle East and North Africa

4.3.1 Masdar

4.3.2 MASEN

4.3.3 DESERTEC

4.4 India

4.5 China

4.6 Australia

5. Key Industry Players

5.1 Abengoa Solar

5.2 ACCIONA Energy

5.3 AREVA

5.4 BrightSource Energy

5.5 China Renewable Energy Scale-up Program (CRESP)

5.6 DESERTEC Foundation

5.7 eSolar

5.8 Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (India’s Solar Mission)

5.9 Masdar

5.10 Morocco Agency for Solar Energy (MASEN)

5.11 NextEra Energy Resources

5.12 Novatec

5.13 SCHOTT Solar

5.14 Siemens

5.15 Solar Millennium (and Solar Trust of America)

5.16 SolarReserve

5.17 Torresol

6. Market Forecasts

6.1 Methodology

6.2 Flex Points in Model

6.2.1 Incentives

6.2.2 Regional Politics and Policies

6.2.3 Technology

6.2.4 Market Conditions

6.2.5 Recent Signals

6.3 Global CSP Market Forecast

6.4 Regional Breakdown

6.4.1 United States

6.4.2 Europe

6.4.3 MENA

6.4.4 India

6.4.5 China

6.4.6 Australia

6.5 Market Value by Region, World Markets

6.5.1 United States

6.5.2 Europe

6.5.3 MENA

6.5.4 India

6.5.5 China

6.5.6 Australia

7. Company Directory

8. Acronym and Abbreviation List

9. Table of Contents

10. Table of Charts and Figures

11. Scope of Study, Sources and Methodology, Notes

List of Charts and Figures

CSP Project Announcements vs. Construction Starts, United States: October 2011

CSP Revenue, World Markets: 2012-2020

Current Project Pipeline, Announced, Under Development, and in Construction, World Markets: 2011-2017

Total Primary Energy Demand, World Markets: 1990-2030

CSP Project Announcements vs. Construction Starts, United States: October 2011

Electric Power Industry Net Generation, United States: 2009

CSP Capacity, World Markets: 2012-2020

CSP Revenue, World Markets: 2012-2020

CSP Capacity, United States: 1990-2020

CSP Revenue, United States: 2012-2020

CSP Capacity, Europe: 2007-2020

CSP Revenue, Europe: 2011-2020

CSP Capacity, MENA: 2011-2020

CSP Revenue, MENA: 2011-2020

CSP Capacity, India: 2012-2020

CSP Revenue, India: 2012-2020

CSP Capacity, China: 2012-2020

CSP Revenue, China: 2012-2020

Power Tower

Parabolic Trough CSP Technology

Dish Stirling

Linear Fresnel Lens

Simplified Steam Generation Flow Chart

Stored Power Dispatch Principle

Indirect vs. Direct Normal Irradiance

Global Direct Normal Irradiance

Coal-Fired Power Plants, United States

Direct Normal Irradiance, United States

High-Voltage Direct Current Transmission Lines, United States

Direct Normal Irradiance, Europe and MENA

DESERTEC Concept

DNI, India

DNI, China

Population Density, China

DNI, Australia

List of Tables

Renewable Portfolio Standards by State, United States

Renewable Energy Policies and Incentives, World Markets

DOE Loan Guarantee Awards, United States: 2010-2011

CSP Subsidies, MENA

CSP Projects Awarded Under PPAs, United States

CSP Projects, Europe

CSP Projects, MENA

CSP Projects, China

CSP Projects, India

CSP Project Announcements vs. Construction Starts, United States: October 2011

Share of CSP Project Announcements vs. Construction Starts, United States: October 2011

CSP Additional Capacity, United States: 1992-2020

CSP Installed Capacity, United States: 1990-2020

CSP Revenue, United States: 2012-2020

CSP Additional Capacity, Europe: 2007-2020

CSP Installed Capacity, Europe: 2007-2020

CSP Revenue, Europe: 2011-2020

CSP Additional Capacity, India: 2012-2020

CSP Installed Capacity, India: 2012-2020

CSP Revenue, India: 2012-2020

CSP Additional Capacity, China: 2012-2020

CSP Installed Capacity, China: 2012-2020

CSP Revenue, China: 2012-2020

CSP Additional Capacity, MENA: 2011-2020

CSP Installed Capacity, MENA: 2011-2020

CSP Revenue, MENA: 2011-2020

CSP Installed Capacity, World Markets: 2012-2020

CSP Revenue, World Markets: 2012-2020

Project Pipeline by Region, World Markets: 2011-2020

Existing MW Installed, World Markets

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